CBSE NCERT CLASS-8 CHAPTER-2 FROM TRADE TO TERRITORY NOTES AND EXERCISE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

CBSE NCERT CLASS-8 CHAPTER-2 FROM TRADE TO TERRITORY NOTES AND EXERCISE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

FROM TRADE TO TERRITORY

1. Match the following:

Ans -

Diwani - Right to collect land revenue

“Tiger of Mysore” - Tipu Sultan

Faujdari Adalat - Criminal Court

Rani Channamma - Led an anti-British movement in Kitoor

Sipahi - Sepoy

2. Fill in the blanks:

(a) The British conquest of Bengal began with the Battle of Plassey

(b) Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan were the rulers of Mysore.

(c) Dalhousie implemented the Doctrine of Lapse.

(d) Maratha kingdoms were located mainly in the Southwestern part of India.

3. State whether true or false:

(a) The Mughal empire became stronger in the eighteenth century – False

(b) The English East India Company was the only European company that traded with India – False

(c) Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the ruler of Punjab – True

(d) The British did not introduce administrative changes in the territories they conquered – False

4. What attracted European trading companies to India?

Ans- European trading companies were attracted due to the following reasons.

i. Cheap and quality of silk and cotton.

ii. For spices like pepper, cloves, cardamon and cinnamon etc.

5. What were the assumption of Diwani benefit the East India Company?

Ans- i. The Bengal Nawabs asserted their power and autonomy and refused to grant the company concessions.

ii. They demanded large tributes for the company’s right to trade.

iii. The denied the company any right to mint coins.

iv. They stopped the company from extending its fortifications.

v. Accusing the company of deceit, they claimed that the company was depriving the Bengal government of huge amount of  revenue and undermining the authority of the nawab. It was refusing to pay taxes, writing disrespectful letters and trying to humiliate the nawab and his officials. These were the areas of conflict between the Bengal Nawabs and the East India company.

6. How did the assumption of diwani benefit the East India Company?

Ans- The assumption of Diwani benefited the East India Company in the following ways.

i. The Diwani allowed the company to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal.

ii. The outflow of gold and silver which the company imported to buy goods in India was stopped.

iii. The revenue from Bengal now could be used to purchase cotton and silk textiles in India, maintain company troops, and mert the cost of building the company fort and offices at Calcutta.

7. Explain the system of “Subsidiary alliance”.

Ans- Under the subsidiary alliance-

i. Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces.

ii. The rulers were to be protected by the company, but for this, they had to pay money.

iii. If the Indian rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their territory was to be taken away as a penalty.

8. In what way was the administration of the company different from that of Indian rulers?

Ans- The administration of the company was different from that of the Indian rulers in the following ways:

i. The company divided its administrative units called presidencies. These were three presidencies-Bengal, Madras and Bombay in India, districts were the main administrative units.

ii. Each presidency was ruled by a Governor. Districts were ruled by the collectors.

iii. The supreme head of the administration of the company was the Governor-General. But in India, the head of the administration was the king.

iv. The main job of the Governor-General was to introduce administrative reforms while the main job of the collector was to collect revenue and taxes, and maintain law and order in his court.

9. Describe the changes that occurred in the composition of the company’s army.

Ans- i. The East India company recruited professional soldiers in place of wars and paid soldiers.

ii. The soldiers were trained in new warfare technology in European style.

iii. The soldiers were armed with muskets and matchlocks.