Class 10th English Chapter-6 Festivals Of North-East India

Detailed Text :

D. Let’s Understand The Text:

Q1. What is North-East India?
Ans. North-East India is a collective name for the easternmost parts of India.

Q2. Which states form North-East India?
Ans: The states like Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, Tripura, and Nagaland are from North-East India.

Q3. Which states are called the “Land of Seven Sisters”?
Ans: The contiguous seven states- Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura are called the Land of Seven Sisters.

Q4. Why are they called so?
Ans: They are called so because of their interdependence on each other.

Q5. Why is Sikkim not included among the “Seven Sisters”?
Ans: Sikkim is. not included among the “Seven Sisters” as it is geographically not a contiguous part of the northeast region. It is separated from the northeast by the Siliguri corridor.

Q6. What role does it play?
Ans: It plays the role of being a little brother to these amazing seven sisters.

Q7.What is culture?
Ans: Culture is the appreciation, and understanding of literature (die), art, and music, besides the customs and civilization of a particular group of people.

Q8. People here celebrate their festivals with ____________ and ____________?
Ans: People here celebrate their festivals with great enthusiasm and joy.

Q9. Many of their festivals are based on _____________?
Ans: Many of their festivals are based on agriculture.

Q10.What are the two important parts of celebrating their festivals?
Ans: Traditional music and dance are two important parts of celebrating their festivals.

Q11.What is the most important festival of Assam?
Ans: Bihu is the most important festival in Assam.

Q12.Bihu festivals are of three kinds. What are they?
Ans: Bihu festivals are of three kinds. They are Rongali Bihu, Kongali Bihu and Bhogali Bihu.

Q13.Rongali Bihu is also known as __________?
Ans: Rongali Bihu is also known as Bohag Bihu.

Q14.Kongali Bihu is also called __________?
Ans: Kongali Bihu is also called Karti Bihu.

Q15.Do people also name Magh Bihu as __________?
Ans: People also name Magh Bihu as Bhogali Bihu

Q16.When is Rongali Bihu celebrated?
Ans: Rongali Bihu is celebrated in mid-April with the onset of spring and the beginning of the sowing season.

Q17.What does Bohag Bihu celebrate?
Ans: Bohag Bihu celebrates the start of a New Year in Assam.

Q18.When is Kaati Bihu celebrated?
Ans: Kongali or Kaati Bihu is celebrated in mid-October when the fields are lush
but the barns are empty.

Q19.What do people do during Kongali Bihu?
Ans: During Kongali Bihu, people light lamps and pray to God for a thriving (growing) harvest season and to guide souls to heaven.

Q20.When is Magh Bihu celebrated?
Ans: Magh Bihu is celebrated in Mid-January

Q21.Bhogali Bihu marks _______?
Ans: Bhogali Bihu marks the end of the harvest season.

Q22.Which festival is a thanksgiving for a rich harvest?
Ans: Bhogali Bihu or Magh Bihu is a thanksgiving for a rich harvest.

Q23.Bihu celebration is incomplete without _______ and _______?
Ans: Bihu celebration is incomplete without melodious folk songs and traditional dance.

Q24.Which musical instruments are played during the Bihu dance?
Ans: During Bihu dance musical instruments like cymbals, bamboo clappers, dhol, and the people are played.

Q25.Where is Arunachal Pradesh?
Ans: Arunachal Pradesh lies (21990) farther north in the mountain region of the Himalayas.

Q26.Name three festivals that Arunachal Pradesh celebrates.
Ans: The three festivals that the people of Arunachal Pradesh celebrate are Losar, Mopin and Ziro.

Q27.Which is the new-year festival of Arunachal Pradesh?
Ans: ‘Losar’ is the new-year festival of Arunachal Pradesh.

Q28.What do people do on this occasion?
Ans: On this occasion, people clean their homes and discard the old to bring in the New Year.

Q29.Which festival is the harvest festival here?
Ans: Here (in Arunachal Pradesh) the harvest festival is ‘Mopin’.

Q30.What do people pray for during Mopin?
Ans: During Mopin people worship goddess Mopin and pray to drive away evil spirits and to get prosperity and wealth.

Q31.Popir dance is performed on the occasion of _______?
Ans: Popir dance is performed on the occasion of Mopin.

Q32.Ziro festival is an indoor/outdoor festival. (Tick the correct word.)
Ans: Ziro festival is an outdoor festival.

Q33.Which festival in Manipur establishes a family bond?
Ans: Ningol Chakouba festival in Manipur establishes a family bond.

Q34.How are the married daughters and their children treated during Ningol Chakouba?
Ans: During Ningol Chakouba the married daughters and their children are given a sumptuous feast and gifts.

Q35.Which festival celebrates the new year in Manipur? When?
Ans: The festival Cheiraoba celebrates the new year in Manipur. This festival is celebrated in April.

Q36.What do the people of Manipur do during the celebration of Cheiraoba?
Ans: During the celebration of Cheiraoba the people of Manipur clean and decorate their houses and prepare special festive dishes.

Q37.Chapchar Kut is popular in Mizoram as ______?
(A) the Spring festival
(C) the Autumn festival
(B) the Winter festival
(D) the Summer festival
Ans:(A) the Spring festival

Q38.How do the people of Mizoram celebrate Chapchar Kut?
Ans: The people of Mizoram celebrate the festival Chapchar Kut by wearing traditional dresses and headgear and performing folk dances and singing traditional songs.

Q39.Wangala is also known as ______?
Ans: Wangala is also known as the Hundred-drum Festival.

Q40.Where is Wangala celebrated?
Ans: Wangala is celebrated in the villages of Meghalaya.

Q41.Wangala is a harvest festival. What does it mark?
Ans: Wangala is a harvest festival. It marks the end of hard work which naturally brings a good harvest.

Q42.Describe the dance performed during Wangala.
Ans: The dance performed during Wangala has features like the beating of drums, blowing horns, and traditional dancing. This dance has two parallel lines- one of the men and the other of women and the lines move forward together in a rhythmic manner while the men beat the drums.

Q43.How do the people of Tripura celebrate Karachi Puja? When? Where?
Ans: The people of Tripura celebrate Karachi Puja by performing the animal sacrifice and worshipping fourteen gods as instructed by Lord Shiva in July in old Agartala or Purani Haveli.

Q44.Why do people throng Tripura during the festival?
Ans: During the festival, people throng Tripura to enjoy cultural programs and fairs.

Q45.What do the dances during festivals in Tripura showcase?
Ans: The dances during festivals in Tripura showcase (display) the hunting, food-gathering, and various other activities.

Q46.Name two Naga festivals?
Ans: The two Naga festivals are ‘Moastu’ and ‘Hornbill’.

Q47.Describe the Naga dance during the celebration of Moastu?
Ans: During the celebration of Moastu the villagers of Nagaland dance to the traditional music, dressed in colourful clothes and headgear decorated with feathers and wild boar tusks.

Q48.Which Naga festival is famous in India? What for?
Ans. The Naga festival ‘Hornbill’ is famous in India because it is a 10-day long cultural dance and sporting event which displays the cultural heritage of 16 tribes living in Nagaland.

Q49.Which bird is most admired in Nagaland?
Ans: The ‘Hornbill’ is a most admired bird in Nagaland.

Q50.Which Naga festival is named after the bird?
Ans: The Naga festival ‘HombilT is named after the bird.

Q51.What does the event showcase?
Ans: The event showcases the cultural heritage of 16 tribes living in Nagaland.

Q52.Describe the dance by men during the Hornbill festival?
Ans: During the Hornbill festival, men clothed in full warrior costumes show off their hunting and warring skills.

Q53.What helps Nagaland protect and continue its history?
Ans: Celebration of different festivals helps Nagaland protect and continue its history.

Q54.Name four Sikkimese festivals?
Ans: The four Sikkimese festivals are Saga Dawa, Losoong, Losar, and Tihaar.

Q55.Match the festivals under A with their occasions under B.

A	B
a. Losar	festival of light
b. Saga Dawa	harvest festival
c. Tihaar	New Year festival
d. Losing	Buddhist festival

Ans:

A	B
a. Losar	New Year festival
b. Saga Dawa	Dawa Buddhist festival
c. Tihaar	festival of light
d. Losing	harvest festival

Q56.What do people do while celebrating Saga Dawa?
Ans: While celebrating Saga Dawa, the people of Sikkim visit the monasteries, and offer prayers, water, incense sticks, and butter lamps.

Q57.How do the Sikkimese celebrate their harvest festival?
Ans: During their harvest festival Losoong, the people of Sikkim, particularly the locals perform the Chaam dance, wearing brightly coloured masks, and playing fascinating musical instruments. Archery contest is also held along with feasting and other celebrations.

Q58.When is the Tibetan New Year celebrated?
Ans:The Tibetan New Year is celebrated in the month of February.

E. Let’s Read Between Beyond / Lines :

1. Many different things make up a society’s culture. These things include:
food arts language ideas
clothing music literature beliefs
tools dance customs religion
_____ ______ ______ _______

Can you add any more to this list? Write in the blank spaces.

Ans: tradition worship games or sports trade

2. What is oral history? Why is it important?
Ans: Oral history is the narration of historical events by mouth. It is important since word of mouth existed much earlier before the beginning of written history.

3. Folk songs and traditional dances of Assam have been handed down through many generations. Who passes down these songs and dances? To whom? Why?
Ans: The people of Assam are proud of having been blessed with lush greenery and the mighty river Brahmaputra. ‘Bihus’ are among the major festivals of Assam. This dance and song culture of Assam comprises Rongali Bihu, Kongali Bihu, and Bhogali Bihu. Melodious folk songs and traditional dance add to the flavor of joy and jubilation of these dances. The songs of these festivals have been handed down by the people of Assam to the next generation to uphold them to glorify their proud culture of songs and dance.

4. The festivals of northeast India are based on two significant backgrounds. What are they? (Paragraphs – 1 and 14)
Ans: The festivals of northeast India are based on two significant backgrounds. All the eight states of this hilly region of India whose lives thrive (live) on melodious songs, music, and dance represent both geographic and administrative backgrounds. Besides they showcase the cultural heritage of the communities.

5. The people of northeastern India live in the lap of nature. Simplicity is the most beautiful ornamentation on them. They are fatalists. They believe there is some force that controls events and guides them- call it God, destiny, or fate. So they worship, pray and thank Him for the life they live. Which sentence states their religious beliefs? (Paragraph-14)

Ans: The sentence “Most of them (these festivals) have a religious importance or significance, as the people offer thanks to the Gods for a good harvest or prosperity, or ask for protection against calamities” states the religious beliefs of the people of Northeastern India. N.B. The sentence that states the religious beliefs of the people of north-eastern India lies in Paragraph- 16, not in Paragraph- 14.)

6. Besides rooting religious beliefs, the festivals help in many other ways. What are they? (Paragraph-16)
Ans: Besides rooting religious beliefs, the festivals help encourage cultural and artistic activities and bring out the natural talents of the people.

F. Lets Sump Up

The text you read is built up of many ideas. Each idea is described in just one or more than one paragraphs. Match the ideas under ‘A’ with their paragraph number(s) under ‘B\ Write a serial number of each idea in the box against paragraph number(s).

A		B
1. North East India	[ ]	15
2. Festivals of Arunachal Pradesh	[ ]	8
3. Assamese festivals	[ ]	10. 11
4. Festivals of Manipur	[ ]	12, 13, 14
5. Festivals of Meghalaya	[ ]	1, 2
6. Festivals of Mizoram	[ ]	3, 4
7. Festivals of Nagaland	[ ]	5, 6
8. Sikkimese festivals	[ ]	9
9. Festivals of Tripura	[ ]	7

Ans:

A		B
1. North East India	[8]	15
2. Festivals of Arunachal Pradesh	[6]	8
3. Assamese festivals	[9]	10,11
4. Festivals of Manipur	[7]	12,13,14
5. Festivals of Meghalaya	[1]	1,2
6. Festivals of Mizoram	[3]	3,4
7. Festivals of Nagaland	[2]	5,6
8. Sikkimese festivals	[5]	9
9. Festivals of Tripura	[4]	7

G. Let’s Learn Words :

(a) Word Search
While reading a text, we come across some new words or words we are not familiar with. The meaning of such words is available somewhere around the text. Puzzle out the meanings of the words listed in the table below. Use the clues or hints- other words (synonyms, antonyms, examples, expressions, etc.) given in the context to help you understand. Numbers in brackets under column 1 indicate paragraph numbers. Numbers under column 2 show the number of paragraphs where you can get the hints/facts / clues / other words, such as synonyms, antonyms, examples, expressions, etc. Copy and complete the table.

Words (para no)	Words/clues that helped me. (para no)	What I think the word means.	What the dictionary says.	Put a tick if your meaning is correct, and a X if you are not.
diverse(2)	2
thriving (3, 15)	15
onset(3)	3
prominent(3)	6,8,913
symbolise(3)	11
attire(4)	8,13
get in(4)	8,13
instrument(4)	4
clad(5)	13
costume(9)	8,13
atmosphere(4)	8
hand down(4)	12
showcase(14)	14
significance(16)	16
extensive(15)	8

Ans:

Words (para no.)	Words/clues that helped me. (para no)	What I think the word means.	What the dictionary says.	Put a tick if your meaning is correct, and a x if you are not.
diverse (2)	2	different	different, various	✓
thriving (3, 15)	15	lively	growing	✓
onset(3)	3	start	beginning	✓
prominent (3)	6,8,9,13	most important, major, main	significant, chief, main	✓
symbolise (3)	11	represent	denote, indicate	✓
attire (4)	8,13	headgear	dresses, clothes	x
get in (4)	8,13	enter	wearing	x
instrument (4)	4	tools	tools	✓
clad (5)	13	dressed	dressed or clothed	✓
costume (9)	8,13	principle	dresses or clothes	x
atmosphere (4)	8	air	air	✓
hand down (4)	12	pass down	pass down	✓
showcase (14)	14	rack of books	show off	x
significance (16)	16	importance	importance	✓
extensive (15)	8	mostly	in large amount	✓

(b) Word Use
Read the following sentences and notice the words in italics.
Hardly a month passes in the seven states wihout a festival or two.
The sentence means:
There is a festival or two in the seven states almost every month.
Notice :
Hardly is an adverb which is used to mean almost no(t) (gla), almost none .
This adverb of negation usually goes with any, ever, at all, or the modals can or could.

Examples :
There is hardly any tea at home. (any = adjective)
She hardly ever goes to the pictures. (ever = adverb)
How often does it rain in deserts ?
Ans: It hardly rains in deserts. (rains = verb)
I can hardly walk such a long distance. (can walk = verbs)
Here the sentence means –
I can walk such a long distance with lots of difficulties.

Wrong (Incorrect)	Right (correct)
hardly no / not	hardly any
hardly nothing	hardly anything
hardly nobody	hardly anybody

Rewrite the sentences using hardly, barely, or scarcely in them.
(i) I saw almost none in the darkness.
(ii) The team could not score any goal.
(iii) The beggar has nothing to eat.
(iv) Many cities do very little to check air pollution.
(v) I know her very slightly.
(vi) Working children have almost no chance to enjoy themselves.
(vii) There was almost no sugar in the jar.
(viii) Samita cannot wait for her birthday.
Ans:
(i) I saw hardly anyone in the darkness.
(ii) The team scored barely/hardly any goal.
Or, The team could hardly score any goal.
(iii) The beggar has hardly anything to eat.
(iv) Many cities hardly do little to check air pollution.
(v) Scarcely/Hardly do I know her.
Or, I hardly know her.
(vi) Working children have scarcely / hardly/barely any chance to enjoy.
(vii) There was hardly any sugar in the jar.
(viii) Samita can hardly wait for her birthday.
Or, Scarcely can Samita wait for her birthday

Remember:
Hardly / Scarcely + auxiliary verbs + subject + main verb
when + sub +_______
Example :
Hardly/Scarcely did (auxiliary verb) the peon (subject) ring (main verb) the bell when we (subject) ran into our classroom.
(c) Homophones:
Homophones are the words which have similar sounds but different spellings and meanings.

Remember :
homo – same or equal
phone – sound
(Words having the same or equal sound)
Example :
knew – new
flour – flower

Read the sentences, underline the incorrect homophones and replace them with the correct ones.
(i) Assam is a state in the north-eastern reason of India.
(ii) Losar is a new-ear festival in Arunachal Pradesh.
(iii) People prey on gods for prosperity.
(iv) The women and children are given a sumptuous fist
(v) People worship God to rise to a higher plane of life.
(vi) Rich harvest is the result of herd labor.
(vii) Folk dance and traditional music add to the festive heir.
(viii) People throng Tripura to enjoy cultural programs and fares.
Ans:
(i) Assam is a state in the northeastern region of India.
(ii) Losar is a new-year festival in Arunachal Pradesh.
(iii) People pray to gods for prosperity.
(iv) The women and children are given a sumptuous feast.
(v) People worship God to rise to a higher plane of life.
(vi) Rich harvest is the result of hard labor.
(vii) Folk dance and traditional music add to the festive air.
(viii) People throng Tripura to enjoy cultural programs and fairs.

H. Let’s Learn Grammar:

1. Look at the underlined words in the following sentences.

People clean and decorate their houses.
The temple houses 14 deities.Remember :
‘Noun’ is a naming word denoting names of person, thing, animal, place, quality, action or state.
A verb (mainly the main verb) can be used either as a finite verb or a non-finite verb.
Finite verb → tense
Non-finite verb → form
Examples :
(i) Work is worship, (noun = subject to the verb ‘is’)
He works in this office, (verb = present simple tense = finite verb)

(ii) I gave a bite into the apple, (noun = object word to the verb ‘gave’) (a bite = object)
A barking dog seldom bites. (verb = finite verb = present simple tense)
Mosquito-bite causes malaria, (noun = subject word to the subject ‘mosquito-bite’)

Use each of the following words first as a noun and then as a verb in separate sentences of your own.
dance, harvest, drive, climb, spring, dress, name, group, mark, help
Ans:
dance (Noun):
Odisha is a classical dance.
The dance is captivating.
Look at her dance.
(Verb):
The girl danced beautifully. (Past simple tense)

harvest (Noun):
We hope for a rich harvest.
The harvest of crops failed due to floods.
(Verb):
The farmers of Odisha harvest plenty of paddies every year.

drive (Noun):
He gave a test drive.
The literacy drive was a huge success.
(Verb):
He drove to his home. (Past simple tense)
Driven by hunger the beggar committed suicide
(Non-finite verb → past participle)

climb (Noun):
The climb of this wall is very difficult.
He has gone for the hill climb.
(Verb):
He climbed the hill. (Past simple tense)

spring (Noun):
Spring is the king of all seasons.
Can you see the spring?
He landed with a spring.
(Verb):
This part of the roof has sprung a leak.
Anil usually springs a surprise.

dress (Noun):
The girl is wearing a pink dress.
The dresses have become dirty.
(Verb):
The man was dressed in a rag. (Past simple tense)
He dressed me down. (Past simple tense)

name (Noun):
The name sounds familiar to me.
What is your name?
(Verb):
Did the mother name the baby Dipu?

group (Noun):
The group consists of ten people.
(Verb):
The people have been equally grouped.
(Present perfect tense)

mark (Noun):
Nandini obtained 60 marks in English.
The panther has black marks all over its body.
(Verb):
I marked him absent.

help (Noun):
StM-help is the best help.
(Verb):
Mihir helped me.

2. Complete the sentences using appropriate prepositions choosing from the box.
(to, against, of, for, on, with)

(i) India consists ___________ 28 States and 9 Union Territories.
(ii) The movie is based on __________ a real-life incident
(iii) She is blessed ___________ good health.
(iv) Shall I add some sugar __________ to your tea?
(v) The camel is the only means __________transportation in deserts
(vi) Safety rules prescribe precautions __________ fire.
Ans:
(i) India consists of 28 States and 9 Union Territories.
(ii) The movie is based on a real-life incident.
(iii) She is blessed with good health.
(iv) Shall I add some sugar to your tea?
(v) The camel is the only means of transportation in deserts.
(vi) Safety rules prescribe precautions against fire.

3. Phrasal Verb
Verb + preposition or particle = phrasal verb
Remember :
The meaning of phrasal verbs is different from the original verb used.

Look at the use of the phrasal verbs and their meanings in the following sentences.

What time did you get back last night? (= return)
I’ll get back to you. (= to speak/write to somebody again later, in order to give a reply)
Winter sets in trees start to shed their leaves. (= begins)

Complete the following sentences using the phrasal verbs appropriately.
(bring in, show off, hand down, bring out, get in, ask for, take place, drive away, pass down)

(i) Young men and women ________their best traditional attire.
(ii) The festivals _______in the month of July.
(iii) On this occasion, people discard the old to ______the New Year.
(iv) People pray the gods to______ evil spirits.
(v) The songs have been _______through many generations.
(vi) The celebration of these festivals is an effective means of preserving and _______ their oral history.
(vii) Men clad in full warrior costumes_______ their hunting and warring skills.
(viii) People offer thanks to gods and ________ protection against calamities
(ix) These celebrations also help_______the natural talent of people.
Ans:
(i) Young men and women get in their best traditional attire.
(ii) The festivals take place in the month of July.
(iii) On this occasion, people discard the old to bring in the New Year.
(iv) People pray to the gods to drive away evil spirits.
(v) The songs have been handed down through many generations.
(vi) The celebration of these festivals is an effective means of preserving and passing down their oral history.
(vii) Men clad in full warrior costumes show off their hunting and warring skills.
(viii) People offer thanks to gods and ask for protection against calamities.
(ix) These celebrations also help bring out the natural talent of people

4. Look at the following sentences.
Rongali Bihu is celebrated in mid-April.
The crops have been harvested.
by + phrase (by + agent or doer of the action)
Example :
The batsman was declared out. (by + agent = by the umpire)
English is spoken all over the world, (by + agent = by the people)
Put the following sentences into the passive without ‘by-phrase’.
(i) Farmers grow grapes in Hyderabad.
(ii) Poachers kill a lot of wild animals every year.
(iii) People make paper from pulp.
(iv) Someone broke the window.
(v) We should respect the elders.
(vi) Somebody stole her purse.
(vii) The police have arrested the miscreant.
(viii) My friend has eaten up all the grapes. (But I want to keep it a secret.)
Ans:
(i) Grapes are grown in Hyderabad.
(ii) A lot of wild animals are killed every year.
(iii) Paper is made from pulp.
(iv) The window was broken.
(v) The elders should be respected.
(vi) Her purse was stolen.
(vii) The miscreant has been arrested.
(viii) All the grapes have been eaten up.

5. Read the following sentences and notice the underlined verbs.
(a) The North East India, comprising eight states, is a place of diverse culture.
(b) Blessed with lush greenery and mighty River Brahmaputra, the people of Assam have a lot to celebrate.
(c) They pray to God to guide souls to heaven.
(d) These celebrations also help encourage cultural and artistic activities and bring out the natural talent of people.

Non-finite verbs	Type
(a) comprising	→ present participle
(b) blessed	→ past participle
(c) to guide	→ to + infinitive
(d) encourage, bring out	→ bare infinitive or zero infinitive

Underline the non-finite clauses in the following sentences.

(i) The pepa is a wind instrument made of a buffalo horn.
(ii) Lying farther north in the mountainous region of the Himalayas, Arunachal Pradesh is one of India’s most remote picturesque locations.
(iii) On this occasion, people clean their homes and discard the old to bring in the New Year.
(iv) The villagers climb the nearest hill tops for they believe that this will help them rise to a higher plane in this life.
(v) The Spring Festival or Chapchar Kut is an important occasion, mostly celebrated in Mizoram.
(vi) Men and women of all ages, wearing traditional dresses and head-gear, perform folk dances and sing traditional songs.
(vii) Wangala or the Hundred-drum Festival is celebrated in November to mark the end of hard work
Ans:
(i) The pepa is a wind instrument made of a buffalo horn (made = non-finite verb)
(ii) Lying farther north in the mountainous region of the Himalayas, Arunachal Pradesh is one of India’s most remote picturesque locations, (lying = non-finite verb)
(iii) On this occasion, people clean their homes and discard the old to bring in the New Year. (to bring in = non-finite verb)
(iv) The villagers climb the nearest hill tops for they believe that this will help them rise to a higher plane in this life. (rise = non-finite verb)
(v) The Spring Festival or Chapchar Kut is an important occasion, mostly celebrated in Mizoram. (celebrated = non-finite verb)
(vi) Men and women of all ages, wearing traditional dresses and head-gear, perform folk dances and sing traditional songs, (wearing = non-finite verb)
(vii) Wangala or the Hundred-drum Festival is celebrated in November to mark the end of hard work. (to mark = nonfinite verb)

6. Read the following sentences.
(a) Pepa is a wind instrument made of buffalo horn.
Another example: Paper is made from pulp.
made of – if the original material isn’t changed in any significant way
made from – if the original material changed significantly
Look: The ring is made of gold, (‘gold’ is found in the ring)
The shirt is made from cotton, (‘cotton’ isn’t seen in the shirt)

(a) Match the things under ‘A” with the materials under ‘B’. Write the serial numbers in brackets.

A	B
(i) Shoes	[ ] Wood
(ii) Blanket	[ ] Milk
(iii) House	[ ] Cotton
(iv) Ice	[ ] Flour
(v) Shirt	[ ] Water
(vi) Juice	[ ] Bronze
(vii) Bread	[ ] Iron
(viii) Statue	[ ] Denim
(ix) Gate	[ ] Leather
(x) Chair	[ ] Bricks
(xi) Cheese	[ ] Fruit
(xii) Jeans	[ ] Wool

Ans:

A	B
(i) Shoes	[x] Wood
(ii) Blanket	[xi] Milk
(iii) House	[v] Cotton
(iv) Ice	[vii] Flour
(v) Shirt	[iv] Water
(vi) Juice	[viii] Bronze
(vii) Bread	[x] Iron
(viii) Statue	[xii] Denim
(ix) Gate	[i] Leather
(x) Chair	[iii] Bricks
(xi) Cheese	[vi] Fruit
(xii) Jeans	[ii] Wool

(b) Now make sentences for each pair using ‘made of’ or ‘made from’.
One is done for you.
Ans:
(i) Shoes are made of leather.
(ii) The blanket is made from wool.
(iii) The house is made from bricks, (if plastered)
(iv) Ice is made from water.
(v) The shirt is made from cotton.
(vi) Juice is made from fruit.
(vii) Bread is made from flour .
(viii) The statue is made of bronze. (Coating of bronze is found)
(ix) The gate is made of iron. (Iron is seen in the gate)
(x) The chair is made of wood.
(xi) Cheese is made from milk.
(xii) Jeans are made of denim.

I. Let’s Learn Study Skills

(a) The table below contains necessary facts on the festivals that the eight states of North East India celebrate. But some facts are missing. Copy and complete the table supplying the missing information.

State	Festival	Time	Purpose	What people do
Assam	Rongali Bihu	onset of spring	Mark the start of the New Year, the beginning of the harvest season	put on traditional clothes sing melodious folk songs perform a traditional dance
	Kongali Bihu	in mid-October	for a thriving harvest season and to guide souls to heaven	light lamps pray to God
	Bhogali Bihu	in mid-January	Mark the end of the harvest season	Thanksgiving to God
Arunachal Pradesh	Losar		mark the new year’s arrival	clean their homes discard the old to bring in the New Year
Arunachal Pradesh	Mopin		to drive away evil spirits and get prosperity	pray to Goddess Popir dance is performed
Manipur	Ningol Chakouba		to revive the relationships between married girls and their parents	women and their children are given a sumptuous feast and gifts
Meghalaya	Wangala	in November	to mark the end of hard work	beat drums, blow horns, and dance
Mizoram	Chapchar Kut	Spring		perform folk dances and sing traditional songs
Nagaland	Moisture		to mark the end of the sowing season	dance to the traditional music
Sikkim	Saga Dawa	between May and June	to commemorate the birth, enlightenment, and death of Buddha	visit monasteries, offer water, incense sticks, etc.
Tripura	Karachi Puja	in July	to mark animal sacrifice and worshipping of 14 gods	organize culturally programs and fairs

(b) Use the information/facts available in the table you have completed above and write a paragraph of 4 to 5 sentences on the festivals of each state.

Rongali Bihu :
Rongali Bihu celebrated in Assam, is also known as Bohag Bihu. On the onset of Spring in mid-April and the beginning of the sowing season, it is observed. It marks the start of a New Year in Assam.

Kongali Bihu :
Kongali Bihu or Kaati Bihu is celebrated in Assam in mid-October when the fields are lush green but the barns are empty. People light lamps and pray to God for a growing harvest season and to guide souls to heaven.

Bhogali Bihu :
Bhogali Bihu is also known as ‘Magh Bihu’. It is observed in mid-January in Assam. The festival marks the end of the harvest season. It is a thanks-giving occasion after the crops have been harvested and the bams are full.

Losar:
Losar is the new-year festival in Arunachal Pradesh. On this occasion, people in certain areas of the state clean their homes and give up the old to bring in the New-year.

Mopin :
Mopin is the harvest festival Galo tribe of Meghalaya people worship Goddess Mopin and pray to drive away evil spirits and for acquiring prosperity and wealth. An indigenous folk dance called Popir is performed by young women.

Ningol Chakouba :
Ningol Chakouba is a charming festival in Manipur. This festival is held to bind and revive the relationships between married girls and their parents. So the women and their children are given a dainty feast and gifts.

Wangala :
Wangala or the Hundred-drum festival is the most important festival celebrated by the Garos in the villages of Meghalaya. It is observed in November to mark the end of hard work which naturally brings a good harvest. The celebration comprises the beating of drums, blowing horns, and traditional dancing.

Chapchar Kut :
Chapchar Kut is the spring festival celebrated in Mizoram. Men and women of all ages in Mizoram, wearing traditional dresses and headgear, perform folk dances. They sing traditional songs.

Saga Dawa :
Saga Dawa is an amazing Buddhist festival in Sikkim. It is celebrated on the full moon day in the Tibetan lunar month between May and June. On this sacred day, people visit monasteries and offer prayers, water, incense sticks, and butter lamps. The festival commemorates the birth, enlightenment, and death of Lord Buddha.

Karachi Puja :
Karachi Puja is a week-long festival in Tripura. It is, marked by animal sacrifice and worship of 14 gods as instructed by Lord Shiva. It takes place in July in old Agartala, the capital of the state. Thousands of people throng Tripura to enjoy cultural programs and fairs.

J. Let’s Write :

You are going to celebrate a popular festival in your locality. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to visit your place on the occasion. Mention the important features, such as name, time, preparation, gathering, fun and merry-making, entertainment, sales and purchase, usefulness, etc.
Ans:

Jairampur
Salipur
Date:………….

My dear Guduli,
We are all fine at home and hope to hear same from you. You will be glad (very happy) to know that we are going observe the most popular traditional “Maha Vishuba Sankranti” on the 12th of April next. Popularly known as “Pana Yatra”, the fair that is held before Lord Shiva at the Gangeshwar fairground every year marks the beginning of Hindu Nava Varsha. In the three-day-long festival, people from far and near throng (gather) the fair-ground to have a holy glimpse of the feats of the Patras before the Lord Shiva. People make a lot of fun and frolic at the fair. The fairground is dotted with shops, stalls, entertaining stages. People return home with lots of purchases. Songs blare out cheerfully. The festival binds people and reminds them of their glorious past and proud culture. Kindly treat it urgent to drop in at my humble dwelling shortly. Anticipating your arrival.

Yours lovingly
Nabakishore

K. Let’s Do This Activity :

“Festivals of North-East India” is full of many interesting facts. Therefore, your teacher can organise and conduct a quiz activity on the topic in order to revisit the facts/ information for better understanding and learning. The quiz program will have three rounds. The 1st round will be based on a “one-sentence answer”; the 2nd round, on a “True/False response”, and the 3rd one, on a “ word option”.
The sample questions for each round are as follows :
Round 1: What are the different types of Bihu festivals?
(Participants are to answer each question in one complete sentence.)
Round 2: The Rivefferahmaputra flows through the state of Tripura.
(Competitors will answer: ‘True’ or ‘False’.)
Round 3: Which of the following is not a new-year festival?

· Cheiraoba

· Losar

· Wangala

· Rongali Bihu

Instructions to the Teacher to conduct the quiz :
Prepare 10 questions – two parallel sets, each having 5 questions – for each round. Each set of questions will be legibly written/typed on separate sheets of paper and arranged/ tagged round-wise. In addition, prepare the answer sheet for quick/ready reference at the time of administering the quiz.

Declare the date/time for the quiz when teaching/learning of the lesson is complete in all respects. You may need two or more consecutive periods. In such a situation, seek your colleague’s cooperation to lend you his/her period(s) with the knowledge headmaster/headmistress.
‘If possible, you may arrange for the winner’s award/consolation prize as a token of inspiration/encouragement.

Once again, see that everything is prepared for the show. On the day as scheduled, enter the class, greet the pupils, and welcome them to the program. Divide the class into two groups with equal learning abilities. Tell them about the rules of the quiz. Keep the kids in good humour. Start the session. Yes, one thing more. You are the quiz master. And choose someone, of course not from among the participants, who will act impartially to record the scores- on the blackboard. Why not choose one of your colleagues?

Perhaps you know the rest – how to go on. When the quiz program is over and the winner is declared, invite your institutional head or a senior colleague to give away the prize(s) with a few words of encouragement to the partakers.

​Class 10th English Chapter-6 Festivals Of North-East India Question Answer

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Class 10th English Chapter-6 Festivals Of North-East India Question Answer