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- MORE ABOUT NOUNS || DEFINITION OF NOUNS || TYPES OF NOUNS || EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS || ENGLISH GRAMMAR

MORE ABOUT NOUNS || DEFINITION OF NOUNS || TYPES OF NOUNS || EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS || ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Language : Bengali
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MORE ABOUT NOUNS || DEFINITION OF NOUNS || TYPES OF NOUNS || EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS || ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Noun: A Noun is the name of a person, place or thing.
or
Naming words are called Noun.
It denotes the name of anything or quality.
[যে word দ্বারা কোন ব্যক্তি, বস্তু, প্রাণী, স্থান, গুন বা দোষ প্রভৃতির নাম বোঝায় তাকে Nounবলে।]Examples: man, book, gold, Ram, India, honesty.
Types of Nouns:
There are five types of nouns, such as-
i) Proper Noun
ii) Common Noun
iii) Collective Noun
iv) Material Noun
v) Abstract Noun.
i) PROPER NOUN: A Proper Noun is the name of one particular person, place, thing, event etc.
[ যে Noun দ্বারা কোনও বিশেষ ব্যক্তি, স্থান, কাল, বা বস্তুর নাম বোঝায় তাহাকে Proper Nounবলে।]
Examples:
Ram is the name of a boy. [রাম একটি বালকের নাম ]
Kolkata is a big city. [কোলকাতা বড় শহর। ]
We shall come on Sunday. [আমরা রবিবারে আসিব।]
The Ganga is a big river. [গঙ্গা একটি বড় নদী।]
Note: Proper Noun-এর প্রথম অক্ষর সর্বদা Capital letter দিয়ে শুরু হয
Features of Proper Noun (Proper noun এর বৈশিষ্ট্য:
i) Proper Nouns name specific persons, things and places. [বিশেষ ব্যক্তি, বস্তু, স্থানের নাম বুঝায় ]
ii) Proper Nouns always begin with a capital letter. [সর্বদা capital অক্ষর দিয়ে শুরু হয়]
iii) Proper nouns are uncountable.(গণনযোগ্য নয় )
iv) Generally Proper nouns have only a singular form.(একবচনে থাকে)
v) A Proper noun do not take a determiner before it. [সাধারণত Determiner বসে না Proper noun এর আগে। ]
ii) COMMON NOUN: A common noun is the name of no one person, or thing in particular, but is common to any and every person or thing of the same kind.
[ যে word দ্বারা একজাতীয় জীব বা বস্তুর কোনো নির্দিষ্ট একটিকে না বুঝাইয়া তাহাদের সকলকে বুঝায় তাহাকে Common noun বা Class noun বলে।
Examples- boy, building, bridge, country, lion, month, pen, sea etc.
Examples in sentences:
i) The lion is roaring.
ii) The lion chased the deer.
iii) The lion strongest animal in the jungle.
উপরের Sentence গুলিতে দেখ প্রতিক্ষেত্রেই সাধারণত ‘সিংহ’ কে বোঝাতে ‘lion’ word টি ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে অর্থাৎ ‘lion’ word টি দ্বারা যে কোনো সিংহ কেই বোঝাচ্ছে।
See again:
i) The cow is a domestic animal.
ii) A girl is singing.
iii) The book is on the table.
iv) The river is flowing.
উপরের Sentence গুলিতে cow, book, river, girl-এই word গুলি নির্দিষ্ট প্রাণী বা বস্তুকে না বুঝাইয়া নিজ নিজ শ্রেণীর প্রত্যেককে বা সাধারণ সকলকে বুঝাইতেছে। এই word গুলি Common Noun .
Features of Common noun. [Common noun এর বৈশিষ্ট্য]
i) Common Nouns are general names of persons, things or places. [ব্যক্তি, বস্তু, স্থানের সাধারণ নাম। ]
ii) Common Nouns do not begin with capital letter. [capital letter দিয়ে শুরু হয় না [Note: যদি Common Noun দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হয় তখন capital দিয়ে শুরু হয় ] Man is mortal.
iii) Common nouns are either count or not count.(হয় গণনযোগ্য, নয় গণনা অযোগ্য iv) A countable common noun has singular and plural form.
v) A common noun takes a determiner before it [এর আগে determiner বসে ]
iii) COLLECTIVE NOUN: A Collective Noun is the name of a group or collection of persons or things considered as one complete whole.
or
A Collective Noun is a group or collection of similar individuals or things.
[সমজাতীয় ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর সমষ্টি বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত nounই Collective Noun.]
Examples-
a) A troop of monkeys.
b) A team of players.
উপরের প্রথম sentence-এ -”monkeys” word টি Common noun, কারন এটি বানরের সাধারণ নাম। কিন্তু “troop” কথাটি কতগুলো বানরের সমষ্টিকে বোঝাচ্ছে। এটি Collective Noun. ঠিক তেমনভাবে “team” দ্বারা খেলোয়াড়দের সমষ্টিকে বোঝাচ্ছে।
LIST OF SOME COLLECTIVE NOUNS
A Cluster of fruits.
A crowd / throng of people.
A batch of students.
A herd of cattle / elephants.
A packet of cigarettes.
A Kennel of dogs.
A pack of wolves.
A team of players.
A pair of shoes.
A pair of scissors.
A flock of sheep.
A forest of trees
An army of soldiers.
A family of members
A bunch of flowers.
A dozen bananas.
A gang of dacoits, thieves.
A band of musicians.
A shoal of fish.
A range of mountains.
A pride of lions / peacocks
A crew of sailors.
A flock / string of camels
A fleet of ships.
A colony of bats / beavers.
A dissimulation of birds (small birds)
A fleet / flock / flight / parcel / pod of birds
A coalition of cheetahs.
A herd / obstinacy of bisons / buffaloes.
A kindle of kittens.
A clutter / litter of cats.
A herd of cattle.
A school of codfish / whales.
A litter of puppies. (pups from one mother)
A pack of dogs. (wild)
A kennel of dogs.
A convocation / aerie of eagles.
A herd / parade of elephants.
An army / knot of frogs.
A down / husk / warren of hares.
A troop / cartload of monkeys.
A horde / mischief of mice.
A watch of nightingales.
A parliament of owls.
A company / flock of parrots.
iv) MATERIAL NOUN: The noun which refers to a material or substance from which things are made, such as silver, gold, iron, cotton, diamond and plastic.
যে Noun দ্বারা কোন বস্তু যে উপাদান বা পদার্থ দ্বারা তৈরী বোঝায়।
***Material “Noun does not form plural.
Examples- Water, rice, sugar, iron, salt, gold, oil, milk, sand, silver, glass, protein, oxygen, copper.
The chair is made of wood.
The cow gives us milk.
The necklace is made of gold.
v) ABSTRACT NOUN: An abstract noun is usually the name of a quality, action, state or concept.
Abstract Nouns are the names of such things that can’t be touched, tasted, smell or heard or seen by senses but can only be understood and imagined are called abstract nouns.
যে সমস্ত জিনিস কোন ইন্দ্রিয়ের দ্বারা অনুভব করা যায় না, কল্পনা ও উপলব্ধি দিয়ে বোঝা যায়,কিংবা কোন প্রাণী বা অচেতন বস্তুতে থাকে, যেমনHonesty(সততা ), goodness(ধার্মিকতা ), power(শক্তি), falsehood(মিথ্যাচার), anger(রাগ ), love(প্রেম ),
Quality: honesty, beauty, bravery, wisdom, heroism, stupidity, darkness, kindness, goodness, brightness etc.
Action: judgement, movement, laughter, hatred, theft, etc
State: childhood, boyhood, youth, death, poverty, slavery, sickness, sleep etc.
The names of arts and sciences such as grammar, chemistry, physics, music, etc are also Abstract Noun.
***Nouns ending in- ness, ty, dom, ce, th, ment, tion, hood, ship, ism, cy, are generally Abstract Nouns
FORMATION
FROM ADJECTIVES
Bold - boldness
kind - kindness
honest - honesty
wise - wisdom
brave - bravery
silent - silence
Ideal - Idealism
simple - simplicity
clever - cleverness
FROM VERBS
advice - advice
practise - practice
laugh - laughter
grow - growth
move - movement
obey - obedience
examine - examination
create - creation
Ignore - Ignorance
court - courtship
FROM COMMON NOUNS
boy - boyhood
child - childhood
man - manhood
friend - friendship
young - youth
king - kingship
slave - slavery
diplomat - diplomacy
adult - adulthood
Modern Grammar classifies nouns under two heads-
i) Countable: যা গোনা যায় A noun that can be counted - boy, horse, box, apple, house, rupees, dozen, deck.
***Common nouns and Collective nouns are Countable Noun
***Countable Nouns can be denoted by size, amount, or value related words, and can appear in both singular and plural.
***A count noun in singular must have an article before it.
This is a tree. The tree is very tall.
ii) Uncountable : যা গোনা যায় না । Nouns that cannot be counted are uncountable nouns.
***No article (a, an, the) is used before such a noun.
***No number is used before it.
***Proper, material and abstract nouns are uncountable nouns.
Examples-
Iron is hard.
Truth is beauty.
Honesty is the best policy.
Rabindranath Tagore is a great poet.
Time waits for none.
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